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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(1): 91-94, mar. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041681

ABSTRACT

El colapso dinámico excesivo de la vía aérea (CDEVA) se caracteriza por una invaginación exagerada de la pared posterior de la tráquea que compromete la luz de la vía aérea, especialmente durante la espiración. La obstrucción es dinámica, por tanto, pueden presentarse hiperinsuflación y atrapamiento de aire, dificultando la ventilación1, 2. En condiciones normales la luz de la vía aérea puede disminuir hasta el 35% con la tos o las maniobras de espiración forzada, pero una disminución mayor al 50% es considerada anormal. El CDEVA es una entidad clínica subdiagnosticada, por lo que algunos pacientes son asintomáticos y otros presentan síntomas crónicos como tos, disnea, infecciones recurrentes y aumento de las secreciones. Usualmente se confunde con otras enfermedades comunes, como enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) o asma, con las que puede coexistir agravándolas4, 5. Es más frecuente en individuos de mediana edad y ancianos con exposición previa al cigarrillo6, 7. Si bien es benigna, puede causar morbilidad progresiva y, ocasionalmente, falla respiratoria y muerte. La discusión de esta entidad surge a partir de la presentación de un caso clínico cuya detección precoz durante la agudización del paciente, permitió optimizar el manejo ventilatorio y la desvinculación de la ventilación mecánica


Subject(s)
Respiration, Artificial , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Airway Management
2.
Prensa méd. argent ; 104(10): 505-509, dic 2018. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1046995

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Sweet es una dermatosis neutrofílica aguda y febril que puede ser desencadenada por diferentes noxas. El diagnóstico es clínico a partir de una dermatosis aguda, con fiebre, leucocitosis y lesiones cutáneas localizadas en cara, cuello y extremidades. La histopatología muestra un denso infiltrado inflamatorio de la dermis a predominio neutrofílico, sin signos de vasculitis. Se presenta un paciente con síndrome de Sweet asociado a infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana


Sweet's syndrome associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection Sweet's syndrome is a neutrophilic and acute febrile dermatosis that can be triggered by different noxas. Diagnosis should be suspected in a patient with fever, leukocytosis and cutaneous lesions located on the face, the neck and the extremities. Cutaneous biopsy confirms the diagnosis of Sweet syndrome, with typical features of a neutrophilic dermatosis in the absence of vasculitis. Here we present a case of Sweet syndrome associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , HIV Infections/physiopathology , HIV , Sweet Syndrome/diagnosis
3.
Rev. salud pública Parag ; 8(2): [P34-P39], Jul - Dic 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-980632

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La vigilancia epidemiológica de la morbilidad y la mortalidad relacionadas a los desastres, es fundamental para organizar y gestionar los recursos, equipos y personal necesarios para responder efectivamente a las situaciones de emergencia. Se describe la implementación del sistema de vigilancia intensificada en poblaciones desplazadas por inundaciones en Paraguay, período 2015/2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal, entre el 28/12/2015 y 12/07/2016, en todo el territorio nacional. Como fuentes de datos se utilizaron la planilla de notificación diaria de enfermedades, el consolidado de situación de albergues. Se diseñó un sistema de carga de datos por la web. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa informático Epi Info 7.1.5, con medidas estadísticas de tendencia central como medias, medianas, proporciones. Resultados: Se registraron 68.699 personas afectadas. De las cuales, 32,4% eran menores de 5 años. Un 48,0 % se alojaron en refugios formales y 36,7% en campamentos informales, en ambos se identificó déficit de condiciones sanitarias básicas. Se registraron 23.877 consultas. Las enfermedades más frecuentes: Infección respiratoria aguda no neumonía (33%), hipertensión arterial (19%), enfermedad tipo influenza (14%), lesiones de la piel (6%) y diarreas (6%). Un 3% correspondió al síndrome febril agudo, dos casos confirmados de leptospirosis. No se registraron brotes de enfermedades infecciosas. Conclusión: La aplicación de la vigilancia intensificada durante el evento de inundación permitió la identificación de grupos de riesgo y sus problemas de salud más frecuentes. Esto fue fundamental en la orientación de los esfuerzos de prevención y control durante del desastre. Palabras claves: Desastres naturales, inundaciones, vigilancia en salud pública, epidemiología, Paraguay.


Introduction: The importance of epidemiological surveillance of morbidity and mortality related to disasters is that it is essential to organize and manage resources, equipment and personnel necessary to respond effectively to emergencies. The implementation of an intensified surveillance system in populations displaced by flooding in the affected regions of Paraguay during the 2015/2016 period is described. Materials and methods: Descriptive study of cross section, between 12/28/2015 and 7/12/2016, throughout the national territory. As data sources, the planning of the daily notifications of diseases is used, the consolidation of the situation of the shelters. A web data loading system was designed. For the analysis of the data, it is the Epi Info 7.1.5 computer program, with measures of central tendency such as means, medians, and proportions. Results: 68,699 affected people were registered. Of which, 32.4% were under 5 years old; 48.0% were housed in formal shelters and 36.7% in informal camps, both of which identified a deficit of basic sanitary conditions. There were 23,877 queries. The most frequent diseases: Acute respiratory infection, pneumonia (33%), hypertension (19%), influenza-like illness (14%), skin lesions (6%) and diarrhea (6%). 3% corresponded to the acute febrile syndrome, two confirmed cases of leptospirosis. There were no outbreaks of infectious diseases. Conclusion: The implementation of intensified surveillance during the flooding event allowed a better understanding of the general situation of the displaced population, as well as the identification of risk groups and their most frequent health problems. This was instrumental in guiding the prevention and control efforts during the disaster. Keywords: Natural disasters, floods, public health surveillance, epidemiology, Paraguay.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Refugees , Floods , Public Health Surveillance , Human Migration , Paraguay/epidemiology , Risk Groups , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(7): 377-383, 20170000. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1372308

ABSTRACT

La sífilis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por una espiroqueta: el Treponema pallidum. Se transmite por contacto directo (generalmente sexual) con las lesiones cutáneo-mucosas durante el estadio primario y secundario, por vía transplacentaria durante el embarazo o a través del pasaje por el canal uterino y por sangre. Se trata de una enfermedad sistémica con una gran variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. La sífilis secundaria cursa con manifestaciones generales de un síndrome infeccioso inespecífico y lesiones mucocutáneas características. La presentación clínica de los 20 pacientes que se describen en este trabajo es singular ya que solo poseían lesiones en la cavidad oral. Es importante considerar esta patología en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones mucosas orales, para realizar un diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento precoz y evitar el contagio, así como siempre descartar la asociación con infección por el retrovirus VIH


Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete bacterium named as Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is transmitted by direct contact (generally non-protect sexual contact) with cutaneous and mucosal lesions during the primary and secondary periods, by trans-placental transmission if the mother develop the infection during pregnancy and by blood. Syphilis is a systemic disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Secondary syphilis is characterized by a nonspecific infectious syndrome and mucocutaneous lesions. Here we describe a serie of 20 patients with secondary syphilis as the unique clinical manifestation. Secondary syphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral cavity mucosal lesions to achieve an early diagnosis and avoid the contagion. Human immunodeficiency virus infection should be always considered


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Syphilis, Cutaneous/therapy , Syphilis/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Unsafe Sex , Mouth/injuries
6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 40(2): 106-108, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634585

ABSTRACT

La criptosporidiosis pulmonar es una rara complicación de la enfermedad intestinal causada por este agente en pacientes con SIDA. En este trabajo se describen las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas, microbiológicas e inmunológicas de 5 pacientes con SIDA y criptosporidiosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico de la localización pulmonar se basó en el hallazgo de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. en muestras de esputo o lavado broncoalveolar utilizando la coloración de Kinyoun. Los laboratorios de microbiología deben estar alerta ante la posibilidad de identificar ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. en secreciones broncopulmonares de pacientes con enfermedad VIH/SIDA avanzada.


Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis is a rare complication of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients. We report the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, microbiological and immunological findings in 5 AIDS patients with pulmonary cryptosporidiosis. Diagnosis was based on the detection of acid-fast oocysts in sputum or aspirated bronchial material using the Kinyoun technique. Microbiology laboratories should be alert to the possibility of Cryptosporidium spp oocysts presence in respiratory specimens from patients with advanced HIV/AIDS disease and pulmonary involvement.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Cryptosporidiosis/etiology , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/etiology
7.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 36(2): 85-7, abr.-jun. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171744

ABSTRACT

We conducted a retrospective evaluation to determine the clinical and microbiological characteristics of 61 episodes of infective endocarditis (IE) in intravenous drug abusers (IDA), HIV seropositive patients. Forty-nine males and 6 females between 15 and 42 years of age were included in the study. All the included patients presented 61 episodes of IE. Fever and cardiac murmur were present in all episodes; 43 (70.4


) presented cough (9 with hemoptysis); 25 (41


) had dyspnea, and 5 (8.2


) had jugular ingurgitation. Fundoscopy showed alterations in 3 patients (4.9


). Bacteriological confirmation was obtained in 41 episodes (67.2


); blood cultures revealed Staphylococcus aureus in 30 cases (73.1


), Streptococcus viridans in 8 (19.5


) patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1 (2.4


), Staphylococcus hominis in 1 (2.4


) and Streptococcus pneumoniae in one case (2.4


). The tricuspid valve was involved in 51 episodes (83.6


), the aorta in 6 (9.8


), the mitral valve in 3 (4.9


) and the pulmonary valve in one (1.6


). There was evidence of right bivalvular involvement in 2 patients (3.2


) and tricuspid and mitral involvement in another (1.6


). Pericardial effusion was detected in 19 episodes (31.1


) died during the acute episode of IE.

8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 64(2): 149-151, 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-444339

ABSTRACT

Avascular osteonecrosis (AON) has increased in the last few years in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). The most commonly affected bone is the femoral head and neck. Frequently these bilateral and clinical findings include moderate to severe pain and functional impotence of the affected joints. The etiology is multifactorial and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with protease inhibitors (PI) is probably related to its development. In the evolution, a total hip replacement may be needed. We present an hemophilic patient with AIDS, who developed a bilateral AON of the femoral head and neck during HAART.


La osteonecrosis avascular (ONA) es una complicación que se describe con frecuencia creciente en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo-1 (HIV-1). En su localización más común compromete la cabeza y cuello del fémur con dolor e impotencia funcional, en una o ambas caderas. Su etiología es multifactorial y la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia (HAART) con inhibidoresde proteasa (IP) puede estar relacionada con la patogenia. En su evolución puede requerir el reemplazo total de la cadera con la colocación de una prótesis. Se presenta un paciente hemofílico, HIV-1 seropositivo, quedesarrolló una ONA bilateral de cabeza y cuello de fémur mientras se encontraba bajo HAART.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Femur Head Necrosis/chemically induced , HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy
9.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 33(3): 155-158, Aug. 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-362383

ABSTRACT

Primary esophageal lymphomas are extremely rare. We report a primary esophageal T cell lymphoma of a diffuse large cell phenotype B in a patient with AIDS. Also we reviewed other published cases. The diagnosis of this complication should be considered in HIV seropositive patients with progressive displagia and endoscopic findings of masses, polyps or ulcerations and, specially in those unresponsive to antifungal or antiviral therapy. Biopsy and histopathologic studies are needed to confirm the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Esophageal Neoplasms , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Esophageal Neoplasms , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
10.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 33(4): 211-220, 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-359986

ABSTRACT

Esophageal disease is a common complication in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Dysphagia, odynophagia and retrosternal pain are the most common symptons associated with the esophageal compromise. Esophageal candidiasis, the most frequent opportunistic infection, may occur in patients with long-standing infection or may be a manifestation of the seroconversion. Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus are more likely to produce esophageal ulcers or erosions. HIV itself may be responsible for ulcerative esophagitis. Neoplasms as Kaposi's sarcoma, are an infrequent cause of symptomatic disease. Barium esophagography and specially upper endoscopy are the most commonly employed diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of symptomatic patients. Endoscopy may be warranted to make a rapid diagnosis such that specific therapy will not be delayed. The use of a combination of histologic, cytologic, mycologic and virologic studies is necessary to provide an etiologic diagnosis of these lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV-1 , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Esophagitis/etiology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Candidiasis/complications , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Esophagitis, Peptic/etiology , Esophagitis/classification , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Esophagitis/therapy , Herpes Simplex/complications
11.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 36(1/2): 229-239, 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-397149

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la resistencia bacteriana y su evolución de gérmenes más frecuentes en infecciones nosocomiales (IN) en UCIA.Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo. Se aislaron 408 gérmenes en 321 infecciones: neumonías 36,5 pto, infección urinaria 25,7pto, infección por cáteter 24pto, bacteremia primaria 7,3pto. Los gérmenes más frecuentes fueron: acinetobacter spp, P. aeruginosa, K pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp, staphylococcus aureus y estafilococos coagulasa negativa (ECN). Comparando ambos periodos los porcentajes de resistencia del Acinetobacter spp. fueron: cefotaxima 100 pto vs 100pto, ciprofloxacina 95 pto vs. 100 pto, imipenen 2.7 pto vs. 3,5 pto, amikacina 82 pto vs 43 pto gentamicina 77 pto vs 33 pto, ceftazidima 80 pto vs 40 pto(todos con NS). Para P. aeruginosa fueron: ciprofloxacina 38 pto vs 75 pto, imipenem 5 pto vs. 31pto y piperacilina+tazobactam 10 vs 12 pto, cefoperazona+sulbactam 57 pto vs 33 pto, amikacina 31pto vs 9 pto (p=NS), Para K pneumoniae fueron: gentamicina 12pto vs 80pto, ciprofloxacina 8pto vs 40pto, ceftazidima 25 vs 50pto (p=NS), sin resistencia a carbapenen. Para Enterobacter spp. fueron: ciprofloxacina 42,1pto vs 41,6pto, gentamicina 50 vs 43pto, imipenem 4 vs 0pto (p=NS), amikacina12 vs. 50 pto. Tanto S aureus como el ECN aumentaron su resistencia a oxacilina: 61 vs 71pto y 70 vs 87Pto respectivamente (p=NS), sin resistencia a vancomicina. Conclusión: Observamos un aumento de resistencia a antimicrobianos de los principales gérmenes aislados en IN, con un perfil evolutivo similar a lo descrito en la literatura.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Drug Resistance, Microbial
12.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 34(3): 117-123, jul.-sept. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-331794

ABSTRACT

In the context of HIV infection, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common mycosis threatening the patient's life. We conducted a retrospective evaluation to determine the epidemiological, microbiological, immunological and clinical characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis in 51 hospitalised HIV seropositive patients. All the individuals (n = 51) presented reactive serology for HIV (ELISA and/or Western blot) and none fulfilled strict HAART treatment, previous to the opportunistic infection. CD4+ lymphocyte T counts showed levels between 361 and 0 cells/microliter (mean = 45). All patients but one had counts lower than 100 cells/microliter. Cryptococcosis presented as unique episode in 35 patients (68.6) and in 16 as relapse (31.3). In all of them we detected central nervous system involvement. The induction treatment was carried out with amphotericin B (AMB), continued with maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Lethality rate was 36.7, slightly superior among patients in relapse (40) compared to those who presented a first episode of the mycosis (35.2). In those individuals for whom data were available, 65.2 of blood cultures, 94.1 of CSF cultures and 79.06 of microscopic CSF examination with India ink were positive. Titers of Cryptococcus neoformans capsular antigen in CSF > or = 1/1000 were found in 36.1 and > or = 1/1000 in 73.6 of serum samples. In conclusion, manifestations and severity of disseminated cryptococcosis continue maintaining the characteristics of half a decade behind, in those patients who are not treated with HAART. Neurological involvement existed in all patients of this cohort. Treatment is not able to modify the parameters of mortality seen in previous communications. Diagnostic methods applied in this study are in accordance with those in the bibliography.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Cryptococcosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Amphotericin B , Antigens, Fungal/blood , Antigens, Fungal/cerebrospinal fluid , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Argentina , Cryptococcosis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Fluconazole , HIV Antibodies , HIV-1 , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Inpatients , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/drug therapy , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/immunology , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/microbiology , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies
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